Understanding data types is especially important if you wish to use serial communication to send data to your Arduino and have the ATmega328 act on this data. Serial data is read from the serial buffer using a sequence of commands like this. if (Serial.available()>0) { // there are bytes in the serial buffer to read

The program below is capable of summing a sequence of single digit numbers typed into the Arduino IDE serial terminal. For example, if 2+4-5+1= where typed into the terminal the output would be 2+4-5+1=2 Upload this program to your Arduino board and try it out. Notice that the program breaks if the very strict syntax

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is the act of using a digital ‘on’ or ‘off’ signal (all or none, high or low, 5 V or 0 V) to simulate an analog graded signal. This is done by rapidly flipping the digital signal between high and low voltage so that the duty cycle (defined as the amount of

In this lab activity you will examine the properties of pn-junction diodes and use diodes to convert AC signals to DC signals. Introduction to PN-Junction Diodes A diode is a device that only allows current to flow in one direction. For this reason, an ideal diode has a current voltage plot that looks like this.

Background The field of electronics is essentially one of applied physics. Modern civilization is possible because scientists and engineers are able to utilize the laws of electromagnetism to build electrical devices capable of doing useful things. Some of the most significant electrical devices of the modern era are digital devices and digital computers. This laboratory